Apparatus for continuously producing briquettes



Nov. 8, 193.2.

N. FLoDlN :TAL

APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCIKNG BRIQUETTES vmed June 2. 1927 s sheets-sheet 1 Y Nov.l8, 1932. N. FLoDlN ET AL APPARATUS F011 CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING BRIQUETTS Filed June 2, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.

Nov. 8, 1932. N. FLonlN E1' AL 1,887,149

I APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING BRIQUETTES K Filed June 2. 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Nov. 8, 1932 PATENT OFFICE mrs rLonm am) amos communales s'rocxnomrfswnmm APPARATUS FOB GONTINUOUSLY .'PODUCING BRIQUFITE Application med June 2, 1927, Serial No.

The usual method of producing briquettes from granular or pulverous materials con-- sists in mixing such materials with bindingagents acting either chemically as in, for instance, concrete, or mechanically by adhering to the particles of the granular or pulverous mass. In the latter case the binder preferably consists of a liquid possessing a certain degree of viscosity for im arting the proper degree of coherency to the mixture and to the briquettes into which it is to be divided, and which are then subjected to pressure between rollers or in a press and afterwards dried. This method, however, possesses a drawback inasmuch as the binder is apt to be squeezed out of the interior of the nodules or briquettes and to collect on their surfaces and harden durin the process A of drying, leaving the core of tie briquettes without sufficient coherency. This defect is remedied by the present. invention which relates to a method of producing briquettes from aimixture of a suitable binder and a granular or pulverous massl (slick, coal-dust, gaeta), this mass .being moulded 4into pieces which are directly set in motion through a chamber, in which currents of hot gases or air, or bothv gases and'air, pass in opposite direction, and the method is more partic- 4a() ularly characterized by the fact that the nodules or briquettes are fed into, and run olf from, vthe said chamber in the' same proportion, and move downwards by their own weight and are-never allowed to drop from 85 any appreciable height until they are completely dry.

In carrying out the method the mixture is as usual worked in a rotary drum orl the like, from which it enters another drum provided with a conveyer and one or more orifices, through which the mixture passes out in the form of ribbons which, as such or by their own weight breaking up into pieces or nodules, drop direct or by means of a chain of pockets into a shaft or silo, in

which a current of hot gases or air, or a mixture of gases and air, vpasses in an opposite direction. The mass of nodules thus slipping down through the shaft and there sub- -v to the action ofthe hot gases are run -the band 6in the chamber 8.

196,0, and in sweden uur so, leas] ofi' from the lower end of the shaft in a dry state and in the same proportion as fresh nodules are fed into the shaft, 'which during the whole process is filled with nodules or briquettes moving downwards..

An apparatus for carrying the method into effect is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Fig.V 1 is a vertlcal section, Fig. 2a top view and Fig. 3 an elevation of the apparatus. Figs. 4 and 5 are details 0 on a larger scale: Fi 6 is a sectional view of a'modified form o the apparatus.

-A drum 1 with beaters 2A rotating in opposite directions is placed above a drum 4 with one or more orifices 5 and one or more 65 conveying screws 3. The drawings show the drum provided with a erforated disc orlattice forming` suchA orifices. Under this drum runs an endless` horizontal chain or band 6 with a number of fixed or loose pockets or receivers -7. Immediatel in front 'of the orifices 5 the band or cham 6`enters a closed chamber 8 communicatin below with a vertical shaft 9 and above with a ue 10.l The shaft '9 widens downwards and has at 75 -its bottom a number of tap-holes 11. An

inclined platform '12 is placed in the chamber 8 between the band 6 and the top of the siaft 9. In the inner walls of .the shaft 9 there are arranged anumber (e. g. three) 8 of horizontal recesses 13, 14, 15 around the v shaft, with bottoms 16 sloping inward 'and downward at an angle of, say 45 degrees. In the example shown, the upper vand ower recesses, 13 and 15 respectivel communi- -cate by means of pipes 17 wi a vertical pipe 18 open at its bottom and by means of a tube 19 communicating with an oven 20, said pipe 18 opening at its upper end beneath y The recess 14 communicates by means of a pipe 21 with open pipes 22 outside the shaft, the topi of' the said pipes 22 opening into the cham r 8 in front of the band 6. The pipes 17, 18, and 22 are provided with dampers 23 or the like for regulating the admission of air.

The action of the apparatus is as follows:

The pulverous mass is thoroughly mixed with the binding-agent in the drum 1, from which the mixture drops into the drum 4wd 1,

the conveyer or conveyers 3. In passing 'aux throu h the orifice or orifices 5, the mass is moul ed into one or more ribbons which, according to the consistency of the mixture, break up into smaller pieces or nodules of different sizes, dropping into the receivers 7 proceeding under the said orifices and conveying the nodules into the chamber 8.

When the receivers reach the turning pointv of the band 6, their contents of nodules are tipped on to the platform 12 and are thus directed into the shaft 9, which is already filled with nodules moving downwards. The running oif of dry briquettes takes place in the same proportion as the shaft is being fed with nodules, and the time for their passage through the shaft can be re ulated,` so as to cause, them to be acted upony thehot gases for a sufficient length of time. The recesses 13, 14, 15 cannot interfere with the passage of the nodules, because these will slide down along the inclined bottoms 16 of the said recesses. y

Fig. 5 shows a device for running ofthe dry briquettes. In the bottomof the shaft there are arranged chutes 24 sloping outwards and opening towards open'pockets 26 radially formed in drums 25 or shafts. The drums or shafts are set in rotation atea speed that can be regulated with regard to the feeding in of nodules into the shaft. This device also enables the briquettes to be removed cautiously enough to protect them against damage or crushing.

p have been absorbed oy the hot gases passing through the shaft are mostly condensed in the ipes 22 outside The vapours whi h may `the shaft and fiow out in the orm of drops of water.

Thus constructed, the apparatus may be said to be self-acting, since the nodules by their own weight move through the dr ingzone, as also the drums 1 and 4 allow o the mass moving without any other power than that necessary for ropelling the conveyor and the band of poc ets.

A modified form of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 6. In this case the shaft 9 is divided Ainto a4 number of horizontal sections decreasing in diameter upwards, and each one widenin at its lower end into a chamber 27 communicating with a pi e 28 leading from an oven or the like. Wit in the shaft there are central, open pipes 30, 31, 32 provided with a common funnel or Hue 29, the said pipes increasing in diameter upwardly, thatV 1s to say, each successive pipe in the upward direction is wider than the next lower one, each pipe being inserted some distance into the next one above, so that an open annular space is left between each pipe and the next i. upper one. The shaft is open at the top, the

width of which can be regulated. The gases entering the chambers 27 are, by pressure or suction, forced through the pipes 30, 31, 32 and through the materials contained in the shaft.

In this apparatus the devices for mixing and mouldin the mass can be made to rotate around t e upper portion of the shaft, as shown in Fig. 6. A motor here acts on a toothed wheel 33, whose shaft carries the transporting drum and the mixer, the said wheel 33 engaging a circular rack 34 around the shaft. The orilice or orifices 5 open directly into the top of the shaft, so that the chamber (8) described in connection with the form of apparatus first referred to, becomes superfluous. By this arrangement the feeding of the nodules into the shaft will be uniform.

This feeding device can also be applied to the first-named construction of the apparatus.

The drum 1u for mixing the mass and conveying it to the drum 4 may, by means of an adjustable sheet 35, be ivided linto two compartments 36, 37, the latter of which forms a feeder, from which the mass passing under the sheet 35 is struck off by a rotary arm or the like, in order that a proper quantity of mixture shall drop down into the drum 4 1. An apparatus for`continuously producing and drying briquettes, comprising means for mixing and forming a mass into a plurality of separated ribbon-like bodies, a vertical shaft for drying said bodies, a conveyor for conveying said bodies from said mixing and forming means to the said shaft, a hood surrounding the said conveyor, and means for introducing currents of heated fiuids into said hood and said shaft for preheating and prehardening and drying the said bodies.

2. An apparatus for continuously producing and drying briquetts, cimprismg means for mixing and forming-a mass into a plurality of separated ribbon-like bodies and efecy tive to cause said bodies to break by gravity into briquette units, a vertical shaft for drying the briquettes, a conveyor for conveying the briquettes from the said mixing and forming means'to the said shaft, a hood surrounding the said conveyor and means for introducing currents of heated iuids into said hood and said shaft for preheating and prehardening and drying the briquettes.

3. An apparatus for continuously producing and drying briquettes, comprising means for mixing and forming a massinto a plurality of separated ribbon-like bodies, a vertical shaft for drying the said bodies, said shaft veying said bodies from said mixing and forming means to the said shaft, a hood surrounding the said conveyor, means for introducing currents of heated fluids into said hood for preheating and prehardening said bodies, means for introducing and evenly distributing currents of heated fluids into the zones of said shaft for drying the said bodies, and means for removing gases and vapour from the said shaft.

4r. An apparatus for continuously producing and drying briquettes, comprising means for mixing and forming a mass into a lurality of separated ribbon-like bodies an efectire to cause said bodies to break by gravity into briquette units, a vertical shaft for drying the briquettes, said shaft being divided into a plurality of zones provided with peripheral recessed channels in the Wall of the shaft, a conveyor for conveying the briquettes from the said mixing and forming meansyto the said shaft, a hood surrounding the said conveyor, means for introducing currents of heated fluids into, said hood for preheating and prehardening said briquttes, means for introducing currents of heated fluids into the said recessed channels of lower .and upper zones of said shaft for drying the briquettes, and means for removing gases and vapors from the recess of a zone intermediate said lower and upper zones.

5. An apparatus for continuously produczone intermediate said lower and upper zones,

and means for removing the dried briquettes from the bottom of the shaft and comprising chutes arranged to feed the dried briquettes to rotatable members provided with pockets to receive and discharge the dried briquettes from the shaft.

7. An apparatus for continuously producing and drying briquettes, comprising a vertical shaft divided into a plurality of zones provided With peripheral recessed ychannels in the walls thereof, means for introducing currents of heated fluids into the said recessed channels of lower and upper zones oi said shaft, and means for removing gases and' vapops from the recessed channel of a zone intermediate said loWer and upper zones.

In testimony whereof We have signed our naines to this specification.,

` NILS FLODIN.

GASTON. CORNELIUS.

ing air-d drying briquettes, comprising means Y for 'mixmgand forming a mass into a plurality of separated ribbon-like bodies, a vertical shaft for drying said bodies, a conveyor for conveying said bodies from said mixing and i)firming means to the said shaft, a hood y unding the said conveyor, means for introducing currents of heated fluids into said vand said shaft for preheating and drying the said bodies, and means for removing the dried bodies from the bottom of the said shaft comprising rotatable members provided with pockets to receive and discharge the dried briquettes from the shaft.

6. An apparatus for continuously producing and drying briquettes, comprising means for mixing and forming a mass into a, plurality of separated ribbon-'like bodies and effective to cause said bodies to break by gravity into briquette units, a vertical shaft for drying the briquettes, said shaft being divided into a plurality of zones provided with peripheral recessed channels in the wall of the shaft, a conveyor for conveying the briquettes from the said mixing and forming means to the said shaft, a hood surrounding the said conveyor, means for introducing currents of heated uids into said hood for preheating and prehardening said briquettes, means for introducing `currents of heated fiuids into the said recesses of lower and 'upper zones of said shaft for drying the briquettes, means for removing gases and vapors from the recess of a 

